Ethics Newsline®

Head of government

Estimates of funds
allegedly embezzled

GDP per capita
(2001)

1. Mohamed Suharto
(president of Indonesia, 1967-1998)

$15 billion -
$35 billion

$695

2. Ferdinand Marcos
(president of the Philippines, 1972-1986)

$5 billion -
$10 billion

$912

3. Mobutu Sese Seko
(president of Zaire, 1965-1997)

$5 billion

$99

4. Sani Abacha
(president of Nigeria, 1993-1998)

$2 billion -
$5 billion

$319

5. Slobodan Milosevic
(president of Serbia/Yugoslavia, 1989-2000)

$1 billion

n/a

6. Jean-Claude Duvalier
(president of Haiti, 1971-1986)

$300 million -
$800 million

$460

7. Alberto Fujimori
(president of Peru, 1990-2000)

$600 million

$2,051

8. Pavlo Lazarenko
(prime minister of Ukraine, 1996-1997)

$114 million -
$200 million

$766

9. Arnoldo Alemán
(president of Nicaragua, 1997-2002)

$100 million

$490

10. Joseph Estrada
(president of the Philippines, 1998-2001)

$78 million -
$80 million

$912